What was a common economic burden for pastoralists under colonial rule?

Correct answer: Grazing taxes and fines

Colonial governments often imposed grazing taxes on animals or on access to grazing grounds. Pastoralists might also face fines when they entered reserved forests, crossed restricted areas, or violated permit rules. These payments directly increased the cost of maintaining herds. Since pastoralists depended on common grazing resources, taxes and penalties could reduce their income and force them to change routes, herd size, or seasonal plans.

Option A is correct because grazing taxes and fines were real economic burdens under colonial rule. Free food, tax-free forests, and royal awards would reduce burdens rather than create them, and they do not describe the usual colonial experience. The important connection is between government regulation and extra expenses for pastoral households. Such charges could make an already uncertain livelihood even more difficult.