Pastoralism in Africa was mainly linked with which livelihood?

Correct answer: Rearing animals and moving for pastures

Direct answer: Option A is correct. Pastoralism is a livelihood based mainly on rearing animals and using available grazing land, often through movement from one pasture to another. The reasoning is: herders keep animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, or other livestock; animals need grass and water; because these resources change by season and place, herders may move with their herds; milk, meat, wool, hides, or the animals themselves support livelihood. Option A is correct because it includes both essential parts: animal rearing and movement for pasture. Option B is wrong because building sea ships is a maritime craft, not the basic meaning of pastoralism. Option C is wrong because running gold mines is mining, not animal-based livelihood. Option D is wrong because pastoralists are not defined by working only in factories; factory work is an industrial occupation. Pastoralism can have different local forms, but animals and grazing remain central. Exam cue: pastoralism means livestock plus grassland plus seasonal movement.