If a pastoralist entered an old pasture without a permit, what would this show under the colonial system?

Correct answer: Clash between customary right and colonial law

The direct answer is Option A: a clash between customary rights and colonial law. Pastoralists often used grazing routes and common pastures according to older community customs. Under colonial rule, authorities introduced permits, boundaries, forest laws, and taxes. Step 1: the pastoralist may believe that an old grazing right still exists. Step 2: the colonial administration may require a permit for entry. Step 3: entering without that permit becomes an offence under the new legal system. Step 4: the incident shows that a customary practice has been restricted or declared illegal by colonial law. Option A is correct because it explains the conflict between older local rights and imposed rules. Option B is wrong because a permit requirement is not complete freedom. Option C is wrong because entering a pasture does not prove private ownership; many pastures were controlled or regulated by the state. Option D is wrong because the event does not mean taxes ended. Memory cue: old custom plus new permit often means law-versus-tradition conflict.