How did philosophical ideas challenge inequality in French society?

They gave the language of reason equality and rights

Philosophers of the Enlightenment questioned traditions that justified inequality simply by birth. They argued that public rules should be examined through reason and that people should possess rights that do not depend only on belonging to a privileged family or estate. Their discussions of liberty, equality, citizenship, and legitimate government gave people concepts with which to criticize inherited privileges. These ideas did not by themselves solve hunger or establish a new government, but they helped turn dissatisfaction into a clear political and social argument.

Option C captures this role by referring to reason, equality, and rights. Option A supports inherited privilege rather than challenging it. Option B would strengthen the burdens already placed on peasants, and option D concerns regulation of bread rather than philosophical criticism of social hierarchy. Therefore C is the only choice that explains how ideas challenged inequality.

This is a Class 9 History question. Chapter: The French Revolution. Topic: French Society During the Late Eighteenth Century.