How did Forest Acts affect the seasonal migration system of pastoralists?

Correct answer: They made entry and grazing in many forests dependent on permission

The direct answer is option C: Forest Acts made entry into and grazing in many forests dependent on official permission. Pastoralists moved seasonally because different places supplied grass, water, and shelter at different times. When colonial rules reserved forests, marked routes, fixed grazing periods, or demanded permits, a pastoral family could no longer freely follow its traditional route. Step by step: forest rules restricted access; restricted access reduced available grazing areas; reduced areas disturbed the seasonal movement; disturbed movement made feeding animals more difficult and costly. Option A is wrong because old routes were not permanently opened; many were closed or controlled. Option B is wrong because grazing was not limited to cities. Option C is correct because it states the central effect of permits and regulation. Option D is wrong because Forest Acts did not remove livestock taxes. Memory cue: forest law means controlled entry, controlled grazing, and changed routes and timing.