How did colonial laws turn old grazing rights into offence-like acts?

Correct answer: Grazing or forest entry without permission could be made punishable

The direct answer is A: grazing or entering forests without permission could be made punishable. Before colonial regulation, communities often used customary routes and grazing grounds according to local practice. New forest laws and permits changed this situation. Step by step: the government declared areas reserved or protected; entry required official permission; traditional users who entered or grazed without it could be fined, punished or treated as offenders; an old customary right therefore appeared as a legal violation. A is correct because it explains the clash between customary practice and colonial law. B is wrong because selling milk was not always declared a crime by this process. C is absurd and unrelated. D is wrong because pastoralists were not exempt from the law. The important point is not that every traditional act became criminal, but that use without permission could be punished. Memory cue: customary right plus new permit rule can become an offence.