How did bringing forests under state control affect the household economy of pastoral families?

Correct answer: Access to grass, fuel, leaves and wood was limited

Forests often supplied pastoral households with more than grazing land. Families could collect grass and leaves for animals, fuelwood for cooking, and small amounts of wood or other materials for everyday needs. When colonial governments placed forests under state control, access was restricted through permits, reserved areas, fees, or bans. This raised the difficulty and cost of meeting household needs and could force families to change routes, buy materials, or seek other work.

Option A is correct because it identifies the broad loss of access to grass, fuel, leaves, and wood. B is the opposite of state restriction, and D wrongly gives pastoralists ownership. C is also too extreme: household needs did not stop being connected with forests; rather, access to those resources became limited. The historical effect therefore reached domestic life as well as grazing and pastoral income.