For pastoralists, forests were not only a source of wood but also what?

Correct answer: Source of fodder, water and routes

The direct answer is A: a source of fodder, water and routes. Forests supported pastoral life in several ways, not merely through wood. Animals could eat leaves, grass and other vegetation; people could obtain or reach water; and forest paths connected seasonal grazing places. The reasoning is: pastoralists moved with herds, herds needed food and water, and movement required usable routes, so forests were an important living resource. Option A is correct because it names three practical needs of pastoralists. Option B, a sea port, is a coastal trade facility and is not the ordinary function of a forest. Option C, a factory, is a production building, not a natural forest resource. Option D, a capital, is a political city and does not describe pastoral use of forests. Restrictions on forests therefore affected food, water access and movement, not only wood collection. Memory cue: for pastoralists, forest means fodder, water and passage.