Which statement best explains the ideological change from monarchy to republic?

Correct answer: Power moved from birth and king toward civic nation and representatives

The direct answer is A: power moved from hereditary kingship and birth-based privilege toward the civic nation and its representatives. Under monarchy, the king ruled mainly through hereditary right, so birth placed the royal family above ordinary citizens. A republic changed the basic source of political authority. The nation, understood as a body of citizens, became the important political idea, and representatives were expected to act in the nation’s interest. Thus the change was not merely a change of ruler; it was a change in the meaning of legitimate power. A is correct. B is wrong because it describes a possible earlier historical change, not the central shift from monarchy to republic in this question. C is wrong because the Revolution did not simply transfer power from peasants to nobles. D is wrong because a constitution is a framework of law, while feudal dues are old obligations; the republic opposed such hereditary and feudal privilege. Memory cue: monarchy means hereditary king; republic means citizen nation and representation.