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Which option gives the correct relationship for actual population change?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Births − deaths + in-migration − out-migration

Direct answer: Option B is correct. Actual population change has two parts: natural change and net migration. Natural change is births minus deaths because births add people and deaths remove people. Net migration is in-migration minus out-migration because arrivals add residents and departures reduce residents. Combining both gives actual change = births − deaths + in-migration − out-migration. Option A is wrong because deaths and out-migration are losses, so they must be subtracted rather than added. It also treats migration as one unclear quantity. Option C is a relationship used to find population from area and density, not the change in population over time. Option D compares weather-related quantities and has no role in this demographic formula. Pay attention to the signs: additions have plus signs and reductions have minus signs. The memory cue is “born and in, add; dead and out, subtract.”

Related tags

Population Change FormulaNet MigrationNatural ChangeProcesses Of Population ChangePopulationGeographyClass 9 Mcq

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