Which option gives the correct group of adding and reducing components of population change?

Correct answer: Adding births and in-migration; reducing deaths and out-migration

The direct answer is A. Population changes through natural processes and migration. Births add people to a population, while deaths remove people. In-migration means people enter a place from somewhere else, so it adds people there. Out-migration means people leave a place, so it reduces that place’s population. Therefore, the basic population-change relationship is: births plus in-migration add people, while deaths plus out-migration reduce people. Option A is correct because it places every component on the proper side. Option B reverses all four effects, so it is incorrect. Option C lists physical and environmental features, not population-change components. Option D lists landforms, vegetation, settlements and transport features, none of which directly represents the four demographic components asked about. Memory cue: “births and in” bring numbers in; “deaths and out” take numbers out.