How do industrial and urban development affect natural vegetation?

Correct answer: They can reduce forest area by changing land use

The direct answer is A: industrial and urban development can reduce forest area by changing land use. Cities, roads, factories, housing and other infrastructure require land. When natural forests are cleared or divided for these purposes, the original vegetation is removed and habitats become smaller or fragmented. Pollution, heavy traffic, construction and excessive resource use may add further pressure. The effect is not identical everywhere, because planned development and restoration can reduce damage, but the statement in option A says “can,” so it is correct. Option B is wrong because development does not always double forests; without protection, it often causes clearance. Option C is wrong because plants normally need suitable soil, water, light and nutrients; development does not make them grow without soil. Option D is meaningless and scientifically false: rainfall does not become sweet because of urban or industrial growth. The key chain is development demand, land-use change, vegetation removal and habitat loss. Memory cue: more built-up land can mean less natural land unless planning protects it.