Which option correctly gives the balanced mathematical idea of total population change?

Correct answer: Adding components are compared with reducing components

Direct answer: A is correct. Total population change is understood by considering the processes that add people and the processes that remove people from a population. Births add people, and in-migration adds people to a particular area. Deaths reduce the population, and out-migration reduces the population of the place people leave. In simple form, population change can be viewed as births plus in-migration minus deaths minus out-migration. The final result may be positive, zero, or negative, depending on the balance. Option A is correct because it recognises both adding and reducing components. Option B is wrong because births are only one component. Option C is wrong because area helps in studying density but does not by itself calculate population change. Option D is wrong because deaths must be included when measuring change. For example, a place may have many births but still lose population if deaths and out-migration are even greater. Memory cue: add births and arrivals; subtract deaths and departures.