If both births and in-migration are low but deaths and out-migration are high, what will total population change be like?

Correct answer: Negative change

The direct answer is B. To find total population change, compare the processes that add people with those that remove people. Births add to the population and in-migration also adds to it, but deaths and out-migration reduce it. Here, both adding processes are low, while both reducing processes are high. Step 1: low births provide little natural addition. Step 2: high deaths create a substantial reduction. Step 3: low in-migration cannot compensate for the people lost through deaths. Step 4: high out-migration causes a further decline. Therefore the combined result is a negative population change, assuming the described differences are substantial. A is wrong because additions are not greater than losses. C is wrong because zero would require additions and losses to balance, which the situation does not indicate. D is wrong because it ignores deaths and migration and does not describe the total balance. Memory cue: add births and in-migration; subtract deaths and out-migration.