Rural to urban migration is what type of population process?

Correct answer: Spatial process

Direct answer: Option A—spatial process. Rural-to-urban migration means that people move from a village or rural area to a town or city. The defining feature is a change of place, so it is a spatial process. It can also change the distribution of population: the rural area may lose residents while the urban area gains them. Option B is wrong because migration is not the birth of a person; it is movement of an existing person. Option C is wrong because migration is not death and does not directly describe people being removed through mortality. Option D is wrong because seasonal rainfall is a climatic process, not a population movement. Rural-to-urban migration may happen for employment, education or services, but its classification here depends on movement between places. Memory cue: whenever the question describes people changing location, think “spatial process.”