Which option correctly gives the reducing processes of population change?

Correct answer: Deaths and out-migration

Direct answer: Option B—deaths and out-migration. A reducing process decreases the number of people living in a particular area. Death reduces the population because a person no longer remains among the living residents. Out-migration reduces the population of the place left behind because a resident moves to another place. Therefore both processes in option B have a reducing effect. Option A is incorrect because births add new people and in-migration brings people into the area. Option C is incorrect because in-migration increases the local population, while health is not itself one of the standard adding or reducing population processes; better health can even help reduce deaths. Option D is incorrect because births add people and education is not itself a demographic reducing process. Memory cue: “death takes away; out-migration takes people out.”