Which pair gives physical factors affecting population distribution?

Correct answer: Climate and relief

The direct answer is Option B: climate and relief are physical factors affecting population distribution. Physical factors are natural features or conditions of the environment. Climate includes temperature and rainfall, while relief means the shape and height of the land, such as plains, plateaus and mountains. These conditions influence water availability, farming, transport, building and the comfort of living. Option B is correct because both climate and relief are natural factors. Option A is wrong because industry and trade are human or economic factors. Option C is wrong because education and banking are human-made social and economic facilities. Option D is wrong because markets and jobs are human and economic factors, although they strongly influence where people settle. The word “physical” is the key clue: look for natural conditions, not services, businesses or institutions. Exam cue: climate, relief, soil and water are physical; jobs, industry, education and markets are human factors.