Which measure can be considered most effective in the long term for slowing population growth?

Correct answer: Expansion of education, health care and informed family planning.

The correct answer is A. Long-term population change is influenced by the choices people can make and by their access to services. Education, especially for girls and women, can delay marriage, improve knowledge and support informed decisions. Health services reduce avoidable deaths and provide access to voluntary family-planning information and methods. When families are informed and able to choose the timing and spacing of children, fertility can gradually decline in a humane and sustainable way. A is correct because it combines human development with voluntary family planning. B is wrong because stopping the census only removes information; it does not change births or deaths. C is wrong because increasing deaths is harmful and is not an acceptable population measure. D is wrong because migration information does not directly address fertility and withholding information is not a sound policy. Memory cue: sustainable change comes through education, health and informed choice, not coercion.