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If a country's birth rate has fallen but life expectancy is increasing, what effect on population structure is possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The share of elderly people may increase

The correct answer is A: the share of elderly people may increase. A lower birth rate means fewer children are added to the population, while increasing life expectancy means people live longer and more survive to older ages. Together, these changes can raise the proportion of elderly people and produce an ageing population structure. This does not necessarily mean that the total population immediately falls; the question asks about structure, or the relative share of age groups. Option B is the opposite of the likely change. Option C is meaningless and not a demographic consequence of longer life expectancy. Option D is not supported because lower births generally reduce the pressure for rapid growth, though other factors can matter. Memory cue: fewer births plus longer lives = a higher elderly share.

Related tags

Life ExpectancyBirth RateAge CompositionAgeing PopulationPopulation GrowthPopulationGeographyClass 9 Mcq

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