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In which situation can rural population growth be negative even if births exceed deaths?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: When youth out-migration exceeds natural increase

The direct answer is A. Population change has more than one component. Natural increase is calculated from births minus deaths. Net migration is the balance between people entering and people leaving. A simple relationship is: population change = natural increase + net migration. Suppose births are greater than deaths, so natural increase is positive. If many young people leave the rural area for towns or cities and the number leaving is greater than this natural increase, net migration becomes sufficiently negative to pull total population change below zero. Therefore, the rural population can decline even while local births exceed local deaths. Option A states exactly this condition. Option B is wrong because high in-migration adds people and generally raises population. Option C is wrong because zero out-migration removes the negative migration effect. Option D is wrong because if births and deaths are both zero and migration is not mentioned, it does not explain a negative change. Memory cue: positive natural increase can be outweighed by larger negative net migration.

Related tags

Rural PopulationOut-MigrationNatural IncreaseNet MigrationPopulation GrowthPopulationGeographyClass 9 Mcq

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