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If forests decrease in a river basin, why can flood risk increase?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Surface runoff reaches the river quickly

Forests reduce and slow surface runoff. Leaves and branches intercept some rainfall, while roots bind soil and the forest floor absorbs and stores water. This allows more water to enter the soil and makes the remaining water reach streams gradually. When forests are removed, the ground often absorbs less water, so a larger volume flows quickly over the surface into channels. The river can then rise rapidly, increasing flood risk, especially during intense rain.

Deforestation does not stop a river from reaching the sea, turn every tributary into a delta, or always make river water salty. Those statements do not describe the effect of reduced forest cover on runoff. Therefore, option A correctly explains why flood danger can increase when forests decrease in a basin.

Related tags

DeforestationRunoffFlood Risk

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