Why are both long-term averages and extremes studied in climate study?

Correct answer: Because averages show general condition and extremes show risk

Direct answer: Option A, because averages show general conditions and extremes show risk. Climate cannot be understood from only one unusually hot, cold, wet or dry event. First, scientists calculate long-term averages to learn the usual temperature, rainfall and other conditions of a place. Next, they study extremes such as floods, droughts, heat waves and very heavy rain to understand unusual events and possible danger. Together, these two kinds of information give a fuller picture: the average describes what is normally expected, while the extreme shows how severe the conditions can become. Option A is therefore correct. Option B is wrong because extreme events can cause serious damage and are important for planning. Option C is wrong because an average is not always wrong; it is a useful summary when based on suitable long-term data. Option D is wrong because one day represents weather, not the complete climate. Exam cue: normal pattern plus unusual risk gives a complete climate picture.