If leaders win elections and bring all institutions under themselves, how will the constitution check this?

Correct answer: Through separation of powers, fundamental rights and institutional checks

Direct answer: A is correct. Winning an election gives a government the authority to govern, but it does not give unlimited power. A constitution distributes public power among different institutions. The legislature makes laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary interprets the law and can protect constitutional limits. Fundamental rights also prevent the government from treating citizens arbitrarily. These arrangements are called checks and balances because one institution cannot normally control everything without legal restraint. A is correct because it combines separation of powers, rights and institutional checks. B is wrong: complete authority would encourage arbitrary rule. C is wrong: a judiciary controlled by the executive could not independently examine government action. D is wrong: rights would become insecure if they depended only on permission. Memory cue: elections choose rulers; the constitution limits rulers.