How does a Constitution become a basis to stop arbitrary discrimination in society?

Correct answer: It gives principles of equality and non-discrimination

Direct answer: A is correct. A Constitution sets a common legal standard for all citizens. The principle of equality says that people should receive equal protection of the law and should not be treated unfairly merely because of identity such as caste, religion, sex, or community. It also guides governments while they make and apply laws. Step one is to recognise that arbitrary discrimination has no fair or publicly justified basis. Step two is to compare the practice with the constitutional promise of equality. Step three is to use legal and judicial institutions when the promise is violated. Option A is correct because equality and non-discrimination provide the constitutional foundation for challenging unfair treatment. B is wrong because the Constitution opposes arbitrary discrimination rather than always approving it. C is wrong because constitutional equality rejects fixed unequal ranks among citizens. D is wrong because justice remains necessary for interpreting and enforcing equality. Memory cue: equality is the rule; any difference in treatment needs a lawful and reasonable basis.