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How did the establishment of democracy in South Africa change the relation between state and citizen?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The state moved from controlling citizens by race to protecting rights

Direct answer: A is correct. Under apartheid, the state used racial classification and law to control people, restrict movement and deny the Black majority equal political status. The democratic Constitution changed the expected role of the state. The state was now required to recognise citizens as equal, respect their dignity, protect rights and govern through law and accountable institutions. This does not mean that all problems disappeared immediately; it means that the legal and political relationship was redefined around equal citizenship rather than racial domination. B is wrong because democracy connects the state to citizens through representation and accountability. C is wrong because citizens are protected by and subject to the law, not excluded from it. D describes the old racial order, not democracy. Memory cue: the state changed from an instrument of racial control into a rights-bound public institution.

Related tags

State-Citizen RelationRights ProtectionDemocracyApartheidDemocratic Transition In South AfricaConstitutional DesignCivicsClass 9 Mcq

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