Rule of law and respect for rights

Correct answer: B. Rule of law and respect for rights

Explanation: Punishment without hearing weakens justice and freedom of expression. In exams connect hearing with rights.

Correct answer: C. Law applies equally to all persons

Explanation: Equality before law means law applies equally to all. In exams write that no one is above law.

Correct answer: D. Personal liberty and rule of law will weaken

Explanation: Arrest without legal basis violates civil liberty. In exams connect arrest with legal procedure.

Correct answer: A. It forces government to respect limits of civil liberties

Explanation: Rights place limits on government power. In exams remember rights as a check on arbitrariness.

Correct answer: B. Lack of respect for rights

Explanation: In democracy even majority works within limits of rights. In exams write majority and rights together.

Correct answer: D. Rule of law and judicial remedy

Explanation: Courts give citizens a remedy for rights protection. In exams connect courts with protection of rights.

Correct answer: A. When even peaceful criticism is suppressed

Explanation: Suppressing peaceful criticism weakens citizens' rights. In exams treat criticism as a democratic right.

Correct answer: B. Equality of law

Explanation: Direct answer: Option B, equality of law. Rule of law requires the law to be applied impartially, whether a person belongs to the ruling party, opposition, rich group or poor group. The reasoning is: applying strict law only to opponents is selective enforcement; selective enforcement is unequal treatment; unequal treatment weakens equality before law and public trust. Option B is correct because the exact principle damaged is equality of law. Option A, date of election, concerns the election schedule and is not automatically changed by biased enforcement. Option C, voter list, concerns registration of eligible voters and is not the direct principle described. Option D, colour of ballot, is merely a physical feature and has no connection with equal legal treatment. The government may investigate or prosecute wrongdoing, but it must use the same lawful standards for its own side and its opponents, with evidence and fair procedure. Memory cue: ‘same offence, same legal standard’, regardless of political side.

Correct answer: C. Right to get justice

Explanation: Opportunity of hearing is an important part of justice process. In exams connect natural justice with rights.

Correct answer: D. Ruler punishes by personal will

Explanation: Punishment by personal will is against rule of law. In exams write the difference between rule of persons and rule of law.

Correct answer: A. Because citizens can express disagreement with government

Explanation: Peaceful protest is linked with freedom of expression and assembly. In exams focus on the word peaceful.

Correct answer: B. Freedom of expression and press

Explanation: Closing press for criticism weakens freedom of expression. In exams connect press freedom with rights.

Correct answer: C. Independent courts can protect law and rights

Explanation: Independent judiciary helps protect law and rights. In exams treat judiciary as a base of rule of law.

Correct answer: D. Legal procedure and respect for rights

Explanation: Government must follow legal procedure before affecting citizens' rights. In exams connect procedure with rule of law.

Correct answer: A. They can understand their rights and duties

Explanation: Knowledge of law helps citizens understand rights and duties. In exams connect aware citizens with democracy.

Correct answer: B. Discrimination and violation of rights

Explanation: Stopping peaceful assembly on religious basis is against rights and equality. In exams remember non discriminatory rights.

Correct answer: C. Same law applies to rich and poor

Explanation: Direct answer: Option C, the same law applies to rich and poor. Rule of law means that a person’s wealth, social position or political influence should not decide whether law applies. The reasoning is: both rich and poor are subject to the same legal rules; both should receive fair procedure; therefore equality before law is present. Option C is correct because it gives a direct example of equal application. Option A is wrong because a leader escaping punishment after breaking law shows that the leader is above law. Option B is wrong because punishing a poor person without a hearing violates fair procedure and due process. Option D is wrong because jailing a critic merely for criticism may violate freedom of expression and suggests misuse of state power. A person may be lawfully punished for a proven offence, but only after lawful investigation, hearing and decision. Memory cue: status may differ, but the law must not become different merely because a person is rich or poor.

Correct answer: D. Elected government is also bound by law and rights

Explanation: Winning election does not permit crushing rights. In exams remember limits of elected government.

Correct answer: A. It makes governance legitimate and accountable

Explanation: Protection of rights makes governance legitimate and accountable. In exams write the relation between legitimacy and rights.

Correct answer: B. Law applies equally to everyone

Explanation: Rule of law means that law is not applied differently on the basis of a person's position, wealth, power, or social status. It must therefore apply equally to everyone, including those who govern. Applying law only to the ruling side would violate equality and fairness. Exam tip: Associate ‘rule of law’ with ‘equality before law’.

Correct answer: C. Arbitrary administration will increase

Explanation: Decision by personal preference increases arbitrary administration. In exams write that administration should be law based.

Correct answer: D. Legal remedy and protection of rights

Explanation: Opportunity to appeal protects citizens from arbitrary decisions. In exams connect legal remedy with rule of law.

Correct answer: A. Rights give citizens a basis for dignified life

Explanation: Rights protect dignity and freedom of citizens. In exams remember dignity and rights together.

Correct answer: B. Right to peaceful assembly and expression

Explanation: Peaceful movement is linked with freedom of assembly and expression. In exams treat restriction without reason as rights violation.

Correct answer: C. Government makes criticism a crime

Explanation: Making criticism a crime weakens freedom of expression. In exams understand democratic criticism as a right.