01 In which example is the outer form of democracy present but democratic substance weak?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Voting happens but opposition is silenced by fear
Explanation: Direct answer: Option A is correct. Democracy is not proved merely by holding an election. Its substance requires real political choice, free discussion, competition and protection of citizens' rights. In option A, voting takes place, so the outer form of democracy exists, but frightening or silencing the opposition prevents voters from hearing different views and choosing freely. This makes the democratic substance weak. Option B is wrong as an example because free voting supports genuine democracy. Option C is wrong because allowing the opposition to campaign provides political competition and choice. Option D is wrong because counting every vote equally expresses political equality, an important democratic principle. The distinction is therefore between procedure and reality: an election may be conducted, yet democracy may be damaged by fear, censorship or repression. Exam cue: ask whether citizens and opposition can participate freely, not merely whether voting occurs.