Nomination of candidates and election campaigns

Correct answer: C, a method of election campaigning. In a door-to-door campaign, a candidate or campaign worker visits voters, explains the candidate’s ideas or party programme, and requests support. This happens before voting and is meant to communicate with voters, not to count votes or draw constituency boundaries. A is wrong because vote counting takes place after polling and records the votes cast. B is wrong because demarcation means fixing the boundaries of constituencies. D is wrong because a judicial decision is a ruling given by a court, not an election activity. Memory cue: meeting voters, giving messages, and asking for support are all campaign activities.

Correct answer: D, a document of promises and programmes. An election manifesto presents the policies, plans, and commitments that a political party or candidate puts before voters. It helps people understand what the party or candidate says it will try to do if elected. A is wrong because a voter identity card is used to establish a voter’s identity, not to describe political plans. B is wrong because a counting list would relate to counting votes. C is wrong because a demarcation map shows constituency boundaries. A useful cue is: manifesto means the promises and programme placed before the public during an election.

Correct answer: A, the party’s policies and promises. A manifesto tells voters what a party or candidate says it plans to do and which issues or policies it considers important. A voter can read different manifestos, compare their promises, and make a more informed choice. B is wrong because the colour of a polling booth does not explain a party’s programme. C is wrong because physical height is not the purpose of a manifesto and does not describe public policy. D is wrong because ballot-paper size is an arrangement of the election process, not a political promise. Memory cue: read a manifesto to compare ideas, not objects or personal appearance.

Correct answer: B, to spread a message and an identity. Posters use words, symbols, and pictures, while slogans use short, memorable phrases. Together they help a party or candidate communicate its ideas, draw public attention, and become recognisable to voters during the campaign. A is wrong because voter lists are prepared through official electoral procedures, not through posters or slogans. C is wrong because votes are counted after polling by the authorised election process. D is wrong because reserved seats are determined under constitutional and legal arrangements, not by campaign publicity. Memory cue: posters and slogans communicate; they do not administer the election.

Correct answer: C, follow the rules and the Model Code of Conduct. Election campaigning is a way to persuade voters, but it must respect their freedom and the fairness of the contest. A candidate should make lawful appeals, avoid threats, bribery, hate-based appeals, and misuse of official power, and follow the applicable election instructions. A is wrong because intimidation prevents voters from choosing freely. B is wrong because buying votes replaces free choice with an improper inducement. D is wrong because rigging attacks the integrity of voting itself. The Model Code of Conduct is a useful reminder: campaign to persuade, never to coerce or cheat.

Correct answer: D, to keep campaigning and electoral behaviour fair. The Model Code of Conduct provides standards for how parties and candidates should behave during an election. Its purpose is not to silence all campaigning; legitimate campaigning allows voters to hear different views. A is wrong because campaigning is not completely stopped, although improper activities may be restricted. B is wrong because the code does not remove eligible voters. C is wrong because candidates remain visible to the public and may present their programmes. D is correct because the code discourages unfair practices and helps create a level and respectful contest. Memory cue: code means rules for fair conduct, not cancellation of elections.

Correct answer: C, misuse of government resources. A government vehicle is a public resource meant for official public work, not for giving an unfair electoral advantage to a party or candidate. Using it for campaign purposes can mix public authority with party competition and weaken the level playing field. A is wrong because counting is the process of tallying votes after polling. B is wrong because voter-list correction concerns adding, deleting, or correcting voter records through the proper process. D is wrong because a nomination paper is the document used to enter a candidacy. Memory cue: public property must serve public duty, not private campaign advantage.

Correct answer: D, because it is against fair and healthy electoral conduct. Elections should allow voters to consider policies, performance, and public issues freely. Asking for votes by appealing to caste or religion can divide citizens, encourage prejudice, and shift attention away from common public concerns. A is wrong because the length of a voter list has nothing to do with such appeals. B is wrong because the number of polling booths is decided by administrative requirements, not by campaign language. C is wrong because ballot size is a physical election arrangement. D is correct because divisive appeals undermine respectful and fair competition. Memory cue: democratic campaigns discuss public work, not hostility between communities.

Correct answer: A — candidates use the campaign period to present their views to voters. An election campaign is the time when candidates and political parties communicate with people through meetings, speeches, door-to-door contact, rallies, and other lawful methods. They explain their policies, programmes, promises, and priorities so that voters can compare alternatives and make an informed choice. Option A is correct because it describes the democratic purpose of campaigning. B is wrong because voter lists are not erased during campaigning. C is wrong because votes are recorded and counted through an official process, not hidden by candidates. D is wrong because constituency demarcation is an administrative matter, not a campaign activity. Memory cue: campaign means communicating with citizens before voting.

Correct answer: B — the final list is prepared so that voters know which candidates are actually contesting. After nomination papers are submitted, the authorities examine them according to the rules. Candidates may then withdraw within the permitted period, so the list after this stage gives the names of the remaining contestants. This information helps voters identify the available choices on the ballot or voting unit. A is wrong because weather has no connection with nomination. C is wrong because the candidate list is not a tax-collection document. D is wrong because opening schools is unrelated to elections. The final list supports clarity and transparency: voters should know whom they can choose. Memory cue: final candidate list means the final set of choices before polling.

Correct answer: C — withdrawal of nomination means that a candidate withdraws from the election contest. First, a person files nomination papers to become a candidate. After the papers are checked, election rules allow a candidate to withdraw within the specified period. Once the withdrawal is accepted, that person’s name is not included among the final candidates for that contest. A is wrong because preparing the voter list identifies eligible voters, not candidates leaving the contest. B is wrong because counting votes happens after polling. D is wrong because opening a polling booth is an arrangement for voting. Memory cue: withdraw means step back or leave; withdrawal of nomination means leaving the race before polling.

Correct answer: D — an independent candidate contests an election without being nominated on the ticket of a political party. Such a candidate may still campaign, explain policies, and seek votes, but is not contesting as the official candidate of a party. A is wrong because a person who does not vote is simply a non-voter, not necessarily an independent candidate. B is wrong because counting votes is an election duty, not the meaning of independent candidature. C is wrong because the Election Commission is an institution that conducts and supervises elections; it is not a candidate. The key distinction is party affiliation in the contest. Memory cue: independent means contesting independently, without a party ticket.

Correct answer: A — a political party supports its candidate so that voters learn about the party’s policies, programme, and candidate. During a campaign, the party may organise meetings, publish material, make speeches, and explain what it proposes to do if elected. This gives voters information for comparison and helps the party seek public support through democratic competition. B is wrong because campaigns are meant to encourage participation, not stop voting. C is wrong because voter lists are part of election administration and are not removed to support a candidate. D is wrong because counting is necessary to determine the result and is not cancelled by campaigning. Memory cue: party campaign connects the candidate with the party’s ideas and programme.

Correct answer: B — speeches communicate the ideas, policies, promises, and priorities of candidates and political parties. A campaign speech is a way to address many people at once and explain why a candidate or party is asking for their support. Voters can listen, compare proposals, and ask whether the promises meet their needs. A is wrong because voting age is determined by law, not changed through campaign speeches. C is wrong because hiding voter information would reduce transparency and is not the purpose of a speech. D is wrong because destroying ballot papers would be unlawful and would damage the election. Memory cue: a speech informs and persuades; it does not administer the election.

Correct answer: C — an election rally is a method of campaigning. In a rally, a candidate or party gathers supporters and communicates messages, policies, and appeals to voters. It is one among several campaign methods, along with meetings, speeches, public contact, and permitted publicity. A is wrong because vote counting takes place after polling and involves determining the votes received by candidates. B is wrong because voter-list correction concerns the accuracy of voter records, not public campaigning. D is wrong because demarcation concerns the boundaries of constituencies and is an administrative process. A rally may create public awareness, but it does not count votes or change constituency boundaries. Memory cue: rally = public campaign gathering.

Correct answer: D — correct information enables voters to make a thoughtful and informed decision. During a campaign, voters need reliable knowledge about candidates, party policies, programmes, promises, and the issues being discussed. They can then compare alternatives instead of deciding only from rumours or misleading claims. A is wrong because the purpose of voter information is not to stop people from voting; informed participation is important in a democracy. B is wrong because hiding the result is opposite to transparency. C is wrong because accurate information does not automatically remove candidates; it helps voters evaluate them. Memory cue: informed voter means a better-considered choice, not no choice.

Correct answer: A — nomination rules are necessary so that candidates’ participation is orderly, equal, and fair. Rules tell everyone what forms, information, deadlines, and procedures apply. They allow officials to check eligibility and documents in a consistent way and help make the process transparent. A is correct because fair rules should apply to all eligible candidates, not just one party. B is wrong because democratic nomination cannot be restricted only to the ruling party. C is wrong because election results must depend on voting, not be fixed before polling. D is wrong because rules should protect and organise voters’ participation, not prevent it. Memory cue: fair nomination means the same clear procedure for every eligible candidate.

Correct answer: B — a person who does not file a valid nomination cannot contest that election as a candidate. Nomination is the formal step through which a person offers to stand for election. The required papers and details must be submitted according to the rules, and the nomination must pass the relevant scrutiny. Without completing this process, the person’s name cannot be included among the candidates contesting the seat. A is wrong because viewing a voter list is not limited to candidates. C is wrong because going to a polling booth does not require being a candidate; eligible voters may go to vote. D is wrong because reading news is unrelated to nomination. Memory cue: nomination is required to enter the candidate list, not to be a voter.

Correct answer: C, candidate nomination. A security deposit is an amount that a candidate submits while filing nomination papers. It is part of the nomination procedure, not a machine or a voter’s personal detail. The election authority uses rules such as the deposit to regulate candidature and discourage completely unserious nominations. A is wrong because voter age is connected with eligibility to vote, not with the candidate’s deposit. B is wrong because a counting machine or voting equipment records or counts votes; it does not determine the nomination deposit. C is correct because the deposit is submitted along with the nomination process. D is wrong because a school examination has no connection with election nomination. Memory cue: deposit goes with the candidate’s papers at the nomination stage.

Correct answer: D, it helps voters identify the candidate or party. An election symbol is a visible sign printed or shown with a candidate’s name. It makes recognition easier, especially when many candidates contest or when some voters may find names difficult to read. A is wrong because the symbol does not stop counting; votes are counted after polling. B is wrong because an electoral roll is the official list of eligible voters and is not removed by symbols. C is wrong because voting age is fixed by election law, not by a party symbol. D is correct because voters can locate and recognise their preferred candidate or party through the symbol. Memory cue: a symbol is a visual identity, not a counting or age rule.

Correct answer: A. An issue-based campaign discusses public problems, proposed policies and the work that candidates may do. This gives voters information for comparing alternatives and making a reasoned choice. A is correct because citizens can think about which programme or policy may serve their needs. B is wrong because buying votes is an improper and unfair practice, not a benefit of discussing issues. C is wrong because a constructive issue discussion should inform people rather than spread fear. D is wrong because campaign discussion cannot erase the electoral roll. A healthy election is not only about slogans or personal attacks; it should allow debate about public concerns. Memory cue: issues inform voters; money and fear manipulate them.

Correct answer: B, because false rumours can mislead voters. Voters need reliable information to judge candidates, parties and policies. A false claim may create an unfair image of a candidate or make people reject a useful policy without checking the facts. A is wrong because rumours do not correct the legal voting age. B is correct because misinformation can confuse citizens and weaken their ability to make an informed choice. C is wrong because transparency in counting depends on proper procedures and observation, not rumours. D is wrong because nomination follows official rules and documents; rumours do not make it easier. Campaign competition should involve truthful criticism and evidence-based discussion. Memory cue: false information harms informed choice.

Correct answer: C. By describing achievements, a candidate presents a record of work to voters. Citizens can then consider what was done, whether it addressed public needs and whether the candidate deserves support. C is correct because campaign communication helps voters evaluate past performance. A is wrong because a candidate cannot remove the voter list by speaking about achievements. B is wrong because campaign statements do not stop the official counting of votes. D is wrong because constituency boundaries are determined through a legal delimitation process, not by a candidate’s speech. Achievements should be presented honestly; voters should also compare claims with other information. Memory cue: achievements show past performance, while promises describe future plans.

Correct answer: D. Election promises tell voters what a candidate or party says it intends to do if elected. They help citizens understand priorities, such as proposed work or policies, and compare one candidate’s programme with another’s. D is correct because informed comparison can guide voter choice. A is wrong because promises do not stop the polling process. B is wrong because promises cannot erase the official electoral roll. C is wrong because every eligible voter’s vote has the value fixed by the electoral system; a promise cannot change it. Voters should examine whether promises are clear, relevant and realistic rather than accepting every claim blindly. Memory cue: promises describe intended future action; achievements describe past work.

Correct answer: A, among candidates and political parties. After nominations are accepted, the candidates in a constituency present their views, records and plans to voters. Parties and independent candidates compete to gain public support and votes. A is correct because this is the central purpose of an election campaign: electoral competition between alternative candidates or parties. B is wrong because judges and police are not the competing electoral contestants in this context. C is wrong because schools and hospitals are public institutions, not candidates. D is wrong because tax offices are government offices and do not contest elections against one another. Competition should follow election laws and respect voters’ freedom of choice. Memory cue: nomination creates the list of contestants; campaigning displays their competition.