Qualities and functions of an entrepreneur

Correct answer: B. Transparency and honesty

Acknowledging a defect openly is transparency, while giving truthful information and a fair return option demonstrates honesty toward customers. The action may require courage, but courage alone does not explain the truthful disclosure and remedy. Overconfidence and inactivity are inconsistent with taking responsible corrective action.

Correct answer: C. Performance control and cost review

Performance should be judged against both results and resources used. Meeting the sales target does not automatically make the campaign efficient if expenditure is much higher than planned. Comparing actual advertising cost with the budget and reviewing the variance is part of control and cost management. Recruitment, packaging, or segmentation do not address this mismatch.

Correct answer: D. Market segmentation and adaptability

Dividing customers into groups according to their needs is market segmentation. Designing or modifying products to suit those groups shows adaptability. The action therefore combines a marketing function with an entrepreneurial quality. Accounting, recruitment, distribution, patience, and confidence do not explain the matching of product versions to different customer needs.

Correct answer: A. Strategic prioritisation

Strategic prioritisation means comparing tasks by importance, urgency, consequences, and available resources, then doing the most critical work first. Choosing high-impact tasks with near deadlines is also an important time-management practice. Perseverance, ignoring risk, and overdependence do not describe this organised method of selecting work.

Correct answer: B. Reinvestment and capability building

Reinvestment means using present earnings to strengthen future business operations instead of consuming all profit immediately. A new machine can improve productive capacity, while training improves employee capability. Together they support long-term growth. Marketing, complaint management, and market exit do not describe putting profit into equipment and skills.

Correct answer: C. Adaptability

Adaptability is the ability to adjust methods or plans when market conditions and reliable evidence change. It does not mean abandoning every goal; it means changing the approach when necessary. Persisting with an unsuitable plan despite evidence shows rigidity. Honesty, punctuality, and accountability may still be present but are not the missing quality described.

Correct answer: D. Reward both individual and team performance

A reward system influences behaviour. If only individual results are rewarded, employees may compete instead of sharing information or helping one another. Including both individual contribution and team performance recognises personal effort while encouraging cooperation. Removing rewards, cutting salaries, or removing targets would not solve the underlying incentive problem.

Correct answer: A. Multi-criteria decision-making ability

A sound supplier decision may consider cost, quality, reliability, delivery time, and service. Comparing several relevant criteria rather than choosing the lowest price alone is multi-criteria decision-making. Risk-taking, overconfidence, and imitation do not describe this careful comparison of alternatives.

Correct answer: B. Effective communication

Understanding a need is only one part of serving a customer. The entrepreneur must also communicate how the product solves that need and what benefit the customer receives. Failure to explain this clearly shows weak effective communication. Perseverance, risk management, and delegation are different capabilities and do not address the unclear value explanation.

Correct answer: C. Fair analysis

Fair analysis looks for evidence and examines the system before assigning blame. A process may create errors through unclear instructions, poor tools, or inadequate training, even when an employee is working sincerely. Identifying that process weakness is more objective and constructive than blaming a person without investigation.

Correct answer: D. Honesty and accountability

Making complaints difficult does not improve the product; it only hides information and distorts performance measurement. Honest and accountable management keeps reporting channels accessible, records the real problem, and works to correct it. Creativity, time management, and perseverance do not justify manipulating the number of complaints.

Correct answer: A. Crisis leadership

Crisis leadership involves providing calm, accurate communication, setting priorities, allocating responsibility, and guiding people through uncertainty. Clear information reduces confusion, while direction helps the team act toward a solution. Humility, market segmentation, and risk avoidance do not specifically describe leading people during an urgent situation.

Correct answer: B. Empathy and adaptability

Understanding that employees learn differently shows empathy and attention to individual needs. Adjusting the training method, pace, or support to improve learning shows adaptability. Discipline, overconfidence, and risk tolerance do not explain the effort to understand people and modify the approach accordingly.

Correct answer: C. Social responsibility and problem-solving

Continuing a socially necessary product shows concern for community needs, which is social responsibility. Planning cost improvements seeks a practical way to make that service sustainable, which is problem-solving. The decision is not merely risk-taking, personal publicity, or rigidity because it combines social purpose with a corrective business plan.

Correct answer: D. Change management and communication

Change management prepares people for a new method by explaining its purpose, listening to concerns, offering support, and clarifying implementation. Communication and involvement can reduce resistance and reveal practical problems before rollout. Pricing, distribution, and record keeping do not address the employee resistance caused by an unexplained change.

Correct answer: A. Integrity

Integrity means following ethical and lawful principles even when breaking them could produce a short-term benefit. Refusing an improper opportunity shows that the entrepreneur values correct conduct above immediate profit. Foresight may also help, but self-promotion and ignoring risk are unrelated or opposite to the behaviour described.

Correct answer: B. Transparency and stakeholder trust

Sharing relevant and accurate progress information openly improves transparency. Investors can understand performance and employees can see the direction and challenges of the business, which supports trust and participation. Such communication cannot guarantee higher sales, eliminate every risk, or make production free, so those options are exaggerated and incorrect.

Correct answer: C. Coordination between marketing and operations

Advertising can create additional demand, so marketing plans must be matched with inventory, production, and supply capability. If stock is unavailable, customers may face delays or disappointment despite successful promotion. Coordination between marketing and operations prevents this mismatch. Employee selection, privacy, and conflict resolution do not directly address stock readiness.

Correct answer: D. Ability to learn and improve

Admitting a wrong decision may show honesty and humility, but an apology alone is not sufficient. An effective entrepreneur analyses the cause of the mistake, learns from it, and improves future decisions. Therefore, the weak quality is the ability to learn and improve. Exam tip: In such questions, focus on the action taken after a mistake.

Correct answer: A. Prudent risk-taking

A small pilot allows the entrepreneur to collect information, observe customer response, identify problems, and limit possible loss before making a larger commitment. This is prudent or calculated risk-taking, not complete avoidance. The entrepreneur is taking action, so the behaviour is neither indecisiveness nor laziness.

Correct answer: B. Coordination and accountability will weaken

A team works effectively when members know their responsibilities, decision boundaries, and expected results. Without role clarity, tasks may be duplicated or neglected, and people may not know who is accountable for an outcome. Diverse skills remain valuable, but weak coordination can prevent their effective use.

Correct answer: C. Market awareness and foresight

Market awareness requires monitoring customer preferences, competition, and demand across the business rather than looking only at current profit. Foresight helps the entrepreneur notice future opportunities or threats in other products. Self-confidence, integrity, and punctuality may exist, but they do not describe the failure to observe changing demand.

Correct answer: D. Leadership and responsibility are weak despite achieving the target

Business performance should include output as well as employee safety, health, and responsible working conditions. Meeting a target through unsafe overtime may create accidents, exhaustion, legal problems, and long-term harm. Therefore, the production result does not justify the method; leadership and responsibility are weak despite the numerical target being achieved.

Correct answer: A. Leading by example

Leading by example means demonstrating the behaviour, effort, and responsibility expected from others. By accepting extra responsibility and working with the team, the entrepreneur builds trust and shows how the difficulty should be handled. Risk-taking, market segmentation, and rigidity do not describe this model-based leadership response.

Correct answer: B. In evidence-based decisions, clear leadership, resource management and responsible growth

Entrepreneurial success is broader than earning high profit. An effective entrepreneur uses evidence to make decisions, leads people clearly, manages money and materials carefully, and considers responsible long-term growth. Ignoring risks or doing everything alone weakens the enterprise, while profit is only one possible outcome.