Perspectives in communication and barriers

Correct answer: B. Selective listening

Explanation: Selective listening occurs when a person pays attention to only preferred parts of a message and ignores information that does not fit an existing opinion. It is different from active listening, which seeks to understand the complete message. Empathy and feedback also require engagement rather than one-sided attention.

Correct answer: C. Stereotyping and prejudice

Explanation: An accent may differ from what listeners are used to, but it does not prove that the speaker’s ideas are poor. Dismissing ideas because of accent is a stereotype and prejudice based on a personal characteristic. The problem is not physical distance, technology, or the choice of communication medium.

Correct answer: D. Active listening and correct understanding

Explanation: Interrupting before the speaker finishes can cause the listener to miss details, qualifications, or the main intention. It also signals incomplete attention and may make the speaker feel unheard. Therefore active listening and accurate understanding are affected; printing, technology, and cultural identity are not the immediate issue.

Correct answer: A. Anxiety may affect decoding and attention

Explanation: Anxiety can consume mental attention and make the receiver focus on threat or worry instead of the message. As a result, the receiver may decode the words incompletely or interpret them negatively even when the wording is correct. Anxiety does not automatically change the medium or remove other barriers.

Correct answer: B. Context influences meaning

Explanation: A word can carry shades of meaning that depend on the situation, relationship, tone, and shared experience. The surrounding context helps the receiver decide which meaning the sender intended. Thus context influences meaning; words do not always have one fixed meaning and the medium alone cannot determine it.

Correct answer: C. Semantic and cultural barrier

Explanation: An idiom often has a figurative meaning that depends on a particular language and culture. Someone unfamiliar with that background may understand the literal words and miss the intended meaning. This creates both a semantic problem and a cultural barrier. No physical obstruction, status difference, or equipment failure is described.

Correct answer: D. पद और भय से जुड़ी बाधा

Explanation: A large difference in status can make a junior employee fear criticism, embarrassment, or negative consequences, so the person may remain silent even when clarification is needed. This is a status- or fear-related barrier to open communication. The situation does not involve colour, weather, or a visual problem. A respectful and safe environment would encourage the employee to ask the question.

Correct answer: A. Adapt language and examples according to age

Explanation: Children and adults can differ in vocabulary, prior knowledge, attention span, and relevant experience. Adapting language and examples to age improves decoding without changing the main idea. Using difficult words for everyone, excluding one group, or avoiding feedback makes it harder to know whether the message was understood.

Correct answer: B. Listen carefully to each other's perspective

Explanation: Before proposing a solution, each side needs to understand the other side’s concern, evidence, and intended outcome. Careful listening can reveal whether the dispute is about facts, assumptions, needs, or wording. Raising voices, blaming someone else, or ending dialogue prevents this essential understanding.

Correct answer: C. Misinterpretation of behaviour

Explanation: The governing concept is perspective and interpretation in communication. Silence does not have one fixed explanation: a student may be shy, anxious, confused, afraid, or unsure of the answer. Calling the student lazy without checking the context assigns an incorrect meaning to behaviour. Thus, option C is correct. Clear exchange, effective feedback, and channel selection do not describe this mistaken judgement.

Correct answer: D. A physical barrier made the message ineffective

Explanation: Effective communication requires both meaningful content and a usable delivery channel. If the voice is too soft to hear, the receiver cannot access the correct words, so the message fails in practice. This is a physical delivery barrier; correct wording alone does not guarantee successful communication.

Correct answer: A. Listen to the current message with an open mind

Explanation: Past experience can provide useful caution, but it does not prove that the present situation is identical. Listening with an open mind allows the person to examine current facts, ask questions, and then compare them with earlier experience. Rejecting immediately or silencing the speaker prevents fair understanding.

Correct answer: B. Understand the person's feelings and respond appropriately

Explanation: Empathy means trying to understand another person’s feelings and point of view, then responding in a considerate way. It does not require agreeing with everything or giving advice immediately. Ignoring the message, using a fixed harsh tone, or offering advice without understanding may make communication less supportive.

Correct answer: C. Discrimination and prejudice

Explanation: Rejecting ideas because of social background evaluates the person rather than the quality of the contribution. This unfair treatment reflects prejudice and discrimination and can silence valuable viewpoints. Technical noise concerns the channel, timing concerns scheduling, and a clear perspective would require judging ideas fairly.

Correct answer: D. The time is unclear

Explanation: The word “later” does not specify when the task should be done. Different receivers may interpret it as after a few minutes, by the end of the day, or at another time. A precise deadline or time would remove the ambiguity. Politeness, length, and technical vocabulary are not the main issue.

Correct answer: A. Stereotype-based psychological barrier

Explanation: The listener is judging knowledge from appearance instead of listening to the content and evidence. This is a stereotype-based assumption that creates a psychological barrier and may cause useful information to be rejected. Nothing in the situation indicates equipment failure, poor sound, or physical distance as the main cause.

Correct answer: B. Failure to understand tone and context

Explanation: Sarcasm often depends on tone, shared knowledge, facial expression, or surrounding context rather than the literal words alone. In a text message these cues may be weak or absent, so the receiver may decode the sentence literally. Colour, the receiver’s name, or message length does not explain the misunderstanding by itself.

Correct answer: C. Open communication and trust will decrease

Explanation: Repeated interruption signals that the member’s contribution is not being given a fair opportunity. The person may stop sharing ideas, feel embarrassed, and lose trust in the group. As participation and psychological safety decrease, open communication also declines. Interruption does not improve technical quality or clarity.

Correct answer: D. Divided attention

Explanation: Reading mobile messages while listening divides the student’s limited attention between two tasks. Important words, explanations, or changes in tone may be missed, leading to incomplete understanding. The main problem is not culture, language, or lack of visual cues; it is distraction and divided attention.

Correct answer: A. Learn and respect cultural differences

Explanation: Greetings are shaped by cultural rules, so a gesture that is polite in one community may be unusual in another. Learning about the difference and responding respectfully prevents a quick negative judgment. Treating one’s own custom as the only correct one or ending communication increases cultural misunderstanding.

Correct answer: B. Confirming understanding through paraphrasing

Explanation: Paraphrasing means restating the speaker’s meaning in one’s own words and then checking whether the interpretation is correct. It helps reveal misunderstandings early and shows that the listener was attentive. Selective listening and prejudice distort understanding, while technical repair concerns equipment rather than meaning.

Correct answer: C. The medium is not suitable for the receivers

Explanation: A communication medium should be accessible to the intended audience. If some receivers cannot read, a written-only notice cannot deliver the information effectively; audio, visual, spoken, or assisted formats may be needed. The topic, sender’s name, and excessive feedback are not the central access problem described here.

Correct answer: D. The student may avoid feedback due to fear or embarrassment

Explanation: Publicly harsh criticism can create shame, fear, and a belief that speaking up is unsafe. The student may therefore stop asking questions or giving feedback, even when communication is needed. Respectful, private, and specific correction is more likely to support learning. The other options do not follow from public humiliation.

Correct answer: A. Use simple words and familiar examples

Explanation: The sender should adapt the message to the receiver’s existing knowledge by using familiar words, short explanations, examples, and checks for understanding. Increasing volume does not make difficult concepts simpler. Blaming the receiver or stopping feedback removes opportunities to identify and correct the knowledge gap.

Correct answer: B. Status-based communication barrier

Explanation: When only senior members are heard, junior members may hesitate to speak, ask questions, or offer useful ideas. This creates a status-based communication barrier because rank affects participation rather than the quality of the message. Language similarity, technical convenience, and clear feedback do not describe this unequal power relationship.