What creates expression in calligraphy?

From beautiful form and style of letters

Calligraphy is the artistic arrangement and presentation of written letters. Expression in calligraphy comes from the shape, proportion, spacing, rhythm, thickness, direction, and decorative style of the letters, together with the way they are arranged on the page. These features can make writing appear graceful, energetic, formal, playful, or solemn, so option A is correct. The meaning of the words remains important, but their visual treatment also creates an artistic impression. Clay may be used in some lettering projects, and a machine may reproduce text, but neither alone creates calligraphic expression. Dance belongs to another art form and does not explain the visual character of written letters. Thus the governing concept is writing transformed into visual art through style and design.

This is a Class 9 Art Education question. Chapter: Introduction to Art. Topic: Art as a form of expression.