Proportion

Correct answer: B. First the whole form then relationships of major parts and finally small details

Explanation: A sound proportion review follows a whole-to-part sequence. First inspect the overall silhouette and pose, then compare the sizes and positions of major parts, and finally examine smaller details. Option B is correct because large structural errors affect the entire drawing; checking details first can hide those broader problems.

Correct answer: C. Incorrect placement relationships will make the overall proportion appear wrong

Explanation: Proportion includes both the measurements of individual parts and their relative placement within the whole. Even if each part has the correct size, joining it at the wrong point changes the object’s structure and makes the total form appear incorrect. Therefore, option C is correct; colour and texture do not explain this spatial error.

Correct answer: D. Shape, proportion, and tone

Explanation: The governing concept is final visual evaluation. Before polishing small details, the artist should inspect the overall shape, relative proportions, and tonal balance because large structural errors affect the whole drawing and are harder to correct later. Option D is correct. Pencil length, paper cost, and the title may be incidental details, but none evaluates the accuracy or visual quality of the artwork itself.

Correct answer: C. Spatial proportion

Explanation: The governing concept is proportion, which concerns relationships among parts rather than the isolated accuracy of each part. Even if each eye has a convincing shape, incorrect spacing changes the structure and balance of the face. Option C is correct because the distance between features is a spatial proportion. Texture, edge control, and pencil grade describe different aspects of drawing and do not determine the placement relationship.

Correct answer: A. Approximately halfway down the head

Explanation: The governing concept is proportional measurement in portrait drawing. When the whole adult head is measured from crown to chin, the eye line is approximately halfway down, even though the hairline may make the upper part look longer. Therefore option A is correct. The chin, forehead top, and area below the nose are not normal locations for the eye line.

Correct answer: A. Errors in proportion and tilt become visible from a fresh view

Explanation: The governing concept is visual self-checking through a reversed view. A mirror changes the familiar orientation, making uneven proportions, unwanted tilts, and alignment problems easier to notice. Thus option A is correct. The paper does not change, graphite remains grey, and shadows do not blend automatically; the mirror only helps the artist detect issues for correction.

Correct answer: A. Comparing the parts with one another

Explanation: The governing concept is proportion: the size relationship between parts and the whole. Compare the height, width, and important segments with one another, or use a repeated unit of measurement to check them. This reveals whether one part is too long, short, wide, or narrow, so option A is correct. Darkening an outline, coloring the paper, or turning the drawing upside down does not directly measure proportional relationships.

Correct answer: C. Disproportionate and wide

Explanation: Proportion is the relationship between measurements such as height and width. If the height remains correct but the width is enlarged, the object no longer matches its actual relative measurements; it will look stretched sideways, disproportionate, and wide. Thus option C is correct. It will not become taller, farther, or brighter, because those qualities are not caused by increasing width.

Correct answer: B. Proportion error

Explanation: The governing concept is proportion: it describes the size relationship between parts of an object, such as height compared with width. If the width is accurate but the height is enlarged, the height-to-width ratio has changed, so the drawing no longer matches the observed form. Tonal error concerns light and dark, texture error concerns surface quality, and light-source error concerns illumination direction; none explains the incorrect dimensions.

Correct answer: A. During the initial light-line stage

Explanation: The governing concept is construction before detail. Proportion errors affect the size and relationship of the major parts, so they should be checked while the drawing is still made with light, adjustable guidelines. Option A is correct because early correction is cleaner and prevents later work from being built on a faulty structure. Deep shadows, varnish, or a last-minute correction make changes difficult and may damage the drawing.

Correct answer: B. Proportion error

Explanation: The governing concept is proportion, meaning the correct relationship between dimensions of the same object. If a cup’s width is accurate but its height is drawn too short, the height-to-width relationship is distorted, so the form no longer looks correctly observed. Tone concerns light and dark, texture concerns surface quality, and lighting concerns the light direction. Therefore option B is the only appropriate answer.

Correct answer: B. The vessel will appear unstable and disproportionate

Explanation: The governing concept is proportion: related parts must have believable size relationships. A vessel body that is wide or heavy needs a base that visually supports it. If the base is drawn too small, the object appears likely to tip and its structural proportions look incorrect. Therefore option B is correct. Surface shine, highlight size, and the existence of a cast shadow are controlled mainly by lighting and material, not by the base-to-body ratio.