Poster colour

Correct answer: A. A little warm red or orange

Explanation: The governing concept is colour-temperature balance. A cool brown contains a noticeable blue or blue-grey influence, so a very small amount of a warm hue, such as red or orange, counterbalances that cool cast and moves the mixture toward neutral brown. More blue or violet would intensify the cool appearance. Black would lower the value and make the colour darker, but it would not reliably remove the blue influence. Thus option A is the suitable controlled adjustment.

Correct answer: A. Controlled fibrous dry-brush strokes over a base colour

Explanation: The governing concept is texture created through directional marks. A lightly loaded dry brush skips across the base colour and produces broken, fibrous strokes that can resemble wood grain. The strokes should follow the direction of the imagined fibres, with variation in length and pressure for a natural appearance. A uniform white layer hides texture, round dots do not suggest grain, and flooding with water weakens controlled marks. Therefore, option A is most effective.

Correct answer: A. A lightly loaded sponge

Explanation: The governing concept is using a tool whose mark naturally varies in shape and density. A lightly loaded sponge can stamp uneven clusters and broken edges, which suggest the irregular pores and patches of stone. The paint load should first be tested on scrap paper so the texture remains controlled rather than blotchy. A pointed pencil gives linear marks, a broad wet brush makes smoother coverage, and a ruler produces straight edges. Thus option A is most suitable.

Correct answer: A. Value contrast and clear letterforms are also necessary for readability

Explanation: The governing design concept is readability, which depends on more than letter size. A large title may still disappear when its value is close to the background or when its letterforms are crowded, irregular, or poorly spaced. Strong value contrast and clear shapes separate the title from its surroundings. Therefore option A is correct; size alone does not guarantee visibility, while the other choices make absolute or false claims.

Correct answer: A. Visual competition may reduce emphasis on the message

Explanation: The governing concept is visual hierarchy. When the message and background are equally vivid, both demand attention, so the viewer’s eye may move between them instead of reading the message first. A quieter background, through lower saturation or weaker contrast, gives the main wording priority. Option A is correct. The other options confuse colour intensity with paper strength, automatic neutralisation, or guaranteed clarity.

Correct answer: A. Strong value contrast with limited saturated colour

Explanation: The governing concept is emphasis through contrast. A focal point attracts the eye when it has a noticeable value difference from nearby areas and a controlled use of saturation, while the surrounding parts remain less competitive. Option A provides that hierarchy. Equal contrast spreads attention everywhere, one dull colour removes distinction, and thin lines alone do not reliably create a strong focal point.

Correct answer: A. The paint layer was too thick or the tape adhered too strongly

Explanation: The governing technique is controlled masking and adhesion management. A thick, insufficiently dry paint layer can catch on the tape edge, while strongly adhesive tape can pull pigment or the paper surface away during removal. Option A identifies these realistic causes. Paper whiteness, brush softness, and supposed paint purity do not normally explain lifting. Letting the layer dry and removing tape slowly at a low angle reduces the risk.

Correct answer: A. Apply moderate thin layers and avoid pushing excess paint toward the tape

Explanation: The governing concept is controlled paint application at a masked boundary. Excess paint pushed against the tape dries higher than the surrounding surface and forms a ridge. Applying moderate, thin coats, removing excess paint from the brush, and working gently near the edge keeps the transition clean. Option A is correct; thick buildup, watery seepage, and repeated pressure all make the edge defect more likely.

Correct answer: A. Very watery paint and a loose stencil

Explanation: The governing concept is stencil control: the paint must be controlled and the stencil must seal closely against the surface. Very watery paint flows easily into small gaps, and a loose stencil leaves openings beneath its edge, causing bleeding. Option A combines both likely causes. Correct consistency, a stable stencil, and a low paint load generally reduce seepage rather than create it.

Correct answer: A. Excess absorption can pull paint quickly and create an uneven layer

Explanation: The governing concept is compatibility between the painting medium and its support. A highly absorbent surface pulls water and pigment into itself quickly, making the colour dry unevenly, look patchy, or lose workable spread. Option A correctly explains why moderate absorption and a stable support are preferable. Absorption does not rename a colour, lengthen a brush, or merely increase paper weight.

Correct answer: A. The surface is too non-absorbent or dusty

Explanation: The governing concept is adhesion between the paint layer and the support. A very non-absorbent surface gives the paint little opportunity to settle, while dust acts as a loose barrier between paint and support; both conditions can cause repeated slipping or poor bonding. Option A is correct. Opacity, brush cleanliness, and paper thickness do not by themselves explain weak adhesion on a smooth surface.

Correct answer: A. Poor adhesion or an excessively dry thick layer

Explanation: The governing concept is adhesion and layer control. If the surface is dusty, unsuitable, or insufficiently prepared, the paint cannot bond properly. A very thick layer with too little water may also dry weakly and become powdery, so it flakes when touched. Therefore option A is correct; the proper water ratio, strong paper, and controlled strokes in options B, C, and D do not by themselves cause flaking.

Correct answer: A. The surface may be compressed or the paint may stick

Explanation: The governing concept is physical protection during storage. A dried poster-colour layer can still be vulnerable to pressure, especially if it is thick or not fully cured. A heavy object may compress the paper, crack or mark the painted surface, or press the colour onto another sheet. Thus option A is correct; pressure cannot brighten the paint, make paper transparent, or enlarge the artwork.

Correct answer: A. Protect the painted surfaces from rubbing and sticking

Explanation: The governing conservation principle is separation of finished surfaces. A clean protective sheet prevents one painted artwork from rubbing against another, transferring pigment, or sticking where paint remains slightly soft or textured. The works should still be completely dry before storage. Option A is correct; sheets are not used to keep art wet, mix colours, or change the paper colour.

Correct answer: A. The paper may become dry, brittle, or warped

Explanation: The governing concept is light and heat damage to both pigment and support. Prolonged strong sunlight can dry the paper, weaken its fibres, and cause curling, brittleness, or warping as moisture and temperature change. Therefore option A is correct. Sunlight does not reliably purify colour, turn paper metallic, or clean a brush, so options B, C, and D are implausible.

Correct answer: A. Test dry colour value, consistency, and layer behaviour beforehand

Explanation: The governing concept is pre-testing before committing to the main artwork. A test strip shows how the colour looks after drying, whether its value and consistency are suitable, and how a second layer behaves on the surface. Option A is correct because it checks both appearance and technique. It does not enlarge paper, harden a brush, or permanently mix colours as the other options suggest.

Correct answer: B. Uneven drying time between adjoining strokes

Explanation: The governing concept is wet-edge management during flat-area painting. If one stroke begins to dry before the adjoining stroke is blended or joined, the boundary can remain visible and form a band after drying. Option B is correct because unequal drying creates that edge. Paper whiteness, palette size, and the written colour name do not directly create bands in an otherwise properly applied layer.

Correct answer: C. Let the first coat dry and apply a clean opaque second coat

Explanation: The governing concept is opacity and layered application. A dark base can show through a thin first coat of white, making it appear grey. Allowing that coat to dry and then applying a clean, moderately thick second coat increases coverage and produces a brighter surface. Adding water would reduce opacity, rubbing could damage the paper, and adding black would make the colour darker rather than clearer.

Correct answer: D. Let the surface dry and make limited controlled corrections

Explanation: The governing concept is surface preservation during correction. Repeated rubbing over a dry poster-colour layer can lift pigment, disturb the paper fibres, and create an uneven texture. The sound approach is to stop, let the area settle and dry completely, then make only a small controlled correction with suitable paint. More water, continuous rubbing, or a very thick coat can worsen the roughness.

Correct answer: D. The layer is excessively thick or paint has pooled

Explanation: The governing concept is drying time in relation to moisture and layer thickness. A thick coat contains more water or solvent and takes longer to release that moisture; pooled paint is even slower because it forms a deeper wet mass. Colour lightness, an outline, or a clean brush does not normally determine drying time in this way. Applying a balanced coat helps the surface dry evenly and reduces later smearing.

Correct answer: A. Maintain controlled brush moisture and check paint consistency

Explanation: The governing concept is controlled moisture during broad, even application. A brush that is slightly and consistently moist can carry poster colour smoothly and reduce broken, streaky marks, but it must not be dripping wet. The paint mixture should also be checked so it is neither excessively dry nor too watery. A completely dry brush worsens drag, adding black changes colour, and soaking the paper can buckle or damage it.

Correct answer: D. Water decreased or pigment concentration increased near the end

Explanation: The governing concept is consistency of mixture ratio across a large painted area. If water evaporates or the paint is not remixed, the later portion may contain a higher pigment concentration and therefore produce a darker value. A changed brush, a large title, or an assumed change in paper colour does not directly explain this progressive shift. Keeping the mixture well mixed and checking its consistency during application helps maintain an even background.

Correct answer: B. The correction mixture differed in value or consistency from the original layer

Explanation: A touch-up becomes visible when it does not match the dried layer beneath it. Differences in value, hue, opacity, or consistency can make the corrected area look like a patch, even when it is small. Option B identifies the relevant cause. The paper size, a new brush, or the attractiveness of the colour does not determine whether the repair blends with the original surface.

Correct answer: D. An uneven water ratio and layer thickness

Explanation: The surface appearance of poster colour depends partly on how much binder, water, and pigment is deposited in each area. If one section is diluted more or applied more thickly than another, it can dry with a different sheen or texture. Option D states this cause accurately. A title, brush price, or changing a colour name has no meaningful effect on the dried surface gloss.

Correct answer: A. Dry the lower layer completely and use little water with limited strokes

Explanation: Poster colour can be disturbed when moisture and repeated brushing reactivate or loosen the layer underneath. Allowing the dark base to dry completely, using a relatively controlled mixture, and placing the light detail with few strokes reduces that risk. Therefore option A is correct. A wet base, vigorous rubbing, or excessive water increases movement and makes lifting more likely.