Pencil shading

Correct answer: A. Studying edges, reflections, and distorted background values

Explanation: The governing concept is to observe reflected light and surrounding values rather than applying a fixed symbol for transparency. Glass shows selective edges, highlights, shadows, and distorted shapes from the background. Thus A is correct: study and place those observed value shapes. Uniform black, an outline alone, or an entirely white interior removes the visual evidence that makes glass believable.

Correct answer: A. Correct light direction, balanced values, and controlled edges

Explanation: Effective pencil shading depends on three connected checks: the light must come consistently from one direction, the values must progress from light to dark in a believable way, and edges must be sharp or soft according to the form and light. Thick outlines alone can flatten a drawing, equal blending removes variation, and texture cannot replace shadows. Thus A is the complete combination.

Correct answer: A. The clarity and emphasis of the object's edge can be controlled

Explanation: The governing concept is figure–ground contrast. A light object against a darker background, or a dark object against a lighter background, produces a clearer and harder-looking edge. A smaller value difference makes the edge recede or appear softer, allowing emphasis to be controlled without changing the object itself. Background value cannot alter actual size, pencil hardness, or the light source, so A is correct.