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SubjectsPhysics
समान बाहरी विद्युत क्षेत्र में विद्युत द्विध्रुव
In Class 12 Physics, this topic from Chapter 1, Electric Charges and Fields, explains how an electric dipole behaves when placed in a uniform external electric field. Students learn why the equal and opposite forces on the charges produce zero net force but a torque that tends to align the dipole with the field. They study the torque formula, equilibrium positions, stability, and the dipole’s potential energy, U = −p·E, using clear vector and physical interpretations.
TOPIC PRACTICE
Up to 3 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.
The torque on an electric dipole in a uniform field is τ = pE sin θ, where p is the dipole moment, E is the field magnitude, and θ is the angle between them. For fixed p and E, torque is maximum when sin θ = 1. This occurs at θ = 90°. Therefore option A is correct. At 0° and 180° the torque is zero, while at 60° it is less than the maximum.
For a dipole in a uniform electric field, torque is given by τ = pE sin θ. It becomes zero when sin θ = 0, which occurs for θ = 0° or 180°. Thus the dipole moment may be parallel or anti-parallel to the field, so option A is correct. A perpendicular position gives maximum torque, and 30° or 60° gives a nonzero torque.
The torque on a dipole is τ = pE sin θ. Since the angle is unchanged, sin θ has the same value before and after the change. If p becomes 2p and E becomes 3E, the new torque is τ' = (2p)(3E) sin θ = 6τ. Hence option A, six times, is correct. The factors must be multiplied, not added.
QUIZ COMPLETE
