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What is (\cos(\pi+x)) equal to?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (-\cos x)

The direct answer is option B, −cos x. Use the angle-addition identity: cos(a+b)=cos a cos b−sin a sin b. Put a=π and b=x. Since cos π=−1 and sin π=0, cos(π+x)=(−1)cos x−0·sin x=−cos x. Option A, cos x, misses the sign change caused by adding π. Option B is exactly the identity result. Option C, sin x, is a different trigonometric function and has the wrong size and value in general. Option D, −sin x, also uses sine instead of cosine and is therefore wrong. Thinking in quadrants can help: adding π moves a point to the opposite side of the unit circle, so its x-coordinate, cosine, changes sign. The phrase “third quadrant” is not always enough unless x’s location is specified, but the identity is valid for every real x. Exam cue: adding π reverses both sine and cosine signs.

Related tags

Allied-AnglesCosineQuadrants

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