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For a set A with n elements, how many unordered pair-positions must be chosen to specify a symmetric relation?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: n(n+1)/2

Direct answer: A, n(n+1)/2. To specify a symmetric relation, treat each diagonal pair (a,a) as one position; there are n of these. For two distinct elements a and b, symmetry links (a,b) with (b,a), so the two ordered pairs form one unordered decision-position. The number of such distinct-element pairs is n(n−1)/2. Adding the diagonal positions gives n+n(n−1)/2 = [2n+n²−n]/2 = n(n+1)/2. Option C counts only the off-diagonal positions and forgets the n diagonal choices. Option B counts all ordered positions without identifying opposite pairs. Option D counts only diagonal positions. Memory cue: symmetric positions = diagonal positions + one position for every pair of distinct elements.

Related tags

Symmetric RelationCountingUnordered PairsRelationsRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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