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Why is the empty relation ∅ considered symmetric on any set A?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Because it has no pair that can violate the condition

A relation is symmetric if, for every pair (a,b) in the relation, the reverse pair (b,a) is also in it. The empty relation contains no ordered pairs at all. Consequently, there is no pair (a,b) that could serve as a counterexample with its reverse missing; the universal condition is therefore satisfied vacuously. Hence ∅ is symmetric on every set. It is not reflexive when A is non-empty, because reflexivity would require all pairs (a,a), and it is certainly not universal or a diagonal-only relation.

Related tags

Empty RelationSymmetric RelationVacuous Truth

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