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If A has n elements, how many symmetric relations on A contain no diagonal pair (a,a)?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 2^(n(n−1)/2)

Direct answer: A. A symmetric relation must include (a,b) and (b,a) together, or exclude them together, whenever a and b are distinct. The number of unordered pairs of distinct elements is C(n,2)=n(n−1)/2. Because all diagonal pairs (a,a) are forbidden, there are no choices for them. Each of the C(n,2) off-diagonal pair-positions has two independent choices: include both directions or include neither. Therefore the number of relations is 2^[n(n−1)/2]. Option B incorrectly includes n diagonal positions as choices, even though they are forbidden. Option C treats all n² ordered pairs as independent, ignoring symmetry. Option D gives the number of positions, not the number of possible selections. Memory cue: symmetry ties two opposite arrows into one decision; forbidden diagonals contribute zero decisions.

Related tags

Symmetric RelationCombinatoricsDiagonal PairsRelationsRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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