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For a five-element set A, how many symmetric relations on A contain no diagonal ordered pair (a,a)?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 2^10

Correct answer: B, 2^10. A symmetric relation must include an off-diagonal pair and its reverse together, or omit both. The diagonal pairs are forbidden in this question, so they provide no choices and must not be counted. The only available decisions concern unordered pairs of distinct elements. For five elements, their number is C(5,2)=5×4/2=10. Each of these ten pairs has two choices: include both corresponding ordered pairs or include neither. Therefore the total is 2^10. Option A, 2^5, counts the five elements rather than the ten unordered pairs. Option B correctly counts the independent choices. Option C incorrectly adds an extra factor related to diagonal or directional pairs. Option D overcounts by treating more choices as independent than symmetry permits. A helpful memory cue is that forbidding all diagonal pairs removes the n diagonal decisions; for symmetric relations on n elements, the remaining count is 2^{C(n,2)}.

Related tags

Symmetric RelationCountingDiagonal PairsFinite SetsRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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