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On A = {1, 2, 3}, let R = {(a, b) : a² = b²}. Is R reflexive?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Yes

To test reflexivity, we must check whether (a, a) belongs to R for every a in A. Substituting b = a into the defining condition gives a² = a², which is an identity and is true for a = 1, 2, and 3. Therefore (1, 1), (2, 2), and (3, 3) all belong to R. The relation may contain additional pairs as well, but those are irrelevant to reflexivity. Hence R is reflexive and option A is correct; options C and D wrongly limit the condition to selected elements.

Related tags

Reflexive RelationSquare IdentityRelations

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