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For a reflexive relation on an n-element set A, how many ordered pairs are necessarily present before any optional pairs are added?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: n

Direct answer: A, n. Let A={a1,a2,...,an}. Reflexivity means every element is related to itself, so the compulsory pairs are (a1,a1), (a2,a2), ..., (an,an). There is one such diagonal pair for each of the n elements, hence exactly n required pairs. The remaining n(n−1) off-diagonal pairs may be included or omitted independently. Option B, n², counts every possible ordered position in A×A, not only the compulsory ones. Option C counts off-diagonal positions, which are optional rather than required. Option D is an exponential count and does not count the required diagonal pairs. Memory cue: “reflexive = all self-pairs”; count the elements, not all pair positions.

Related tags

Reflexive RelationDiagonal PairsCountingRelationsRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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