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On A={1,2}, how many relations are not reflexive?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 12

Direct answer: C, 12. A relation on A is any subset of A×A. Since A has two elements, A×A has four ordered pairs: (1,1), (1,2), (2,1), and (2,2). Each pair may independently be included or excluded, so the total number of relations is 2^4=16. A relation is reflexive only if it contains every diagonal pair, namely (1,1) and (2,2). These two pairs are fixed as present, while the other two pairs can be chosen freely, giving 2^2=4 reflexive relations. Hence non-reflexive relations =16−4=12. Option A is the number of reflexive relations, not the requested complement. B has no valid counting basis. D is the total number of all relations, not the number that fail reflexivity. Memory cue: for an n-element set, total relations are 2^(n²), while reflexive ones are 2^(n²−n).

Related tags

RelationsReflexive RelationCountingCartesian ProductRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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