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For a set A with 3 elements, how many relations are not reflexive?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 448

Answer: A, 448. If A has three elements, then A×A has 3×3=9 ordered pairs. A relation is any subset of A×A, so the total number of relations is 2^9=512. For a reflexive relation, the three diagonal pairs (a,a) must be included. The other six ordered pairs can each be either included or excluded independently, giving 2^6=64 reflexive relations. The non-reflexive relations are all remaining relations: 512−64=448. Option B is obtained by using an incorrect count of compulsory pairs. Option C counts the reflexive relations, not the non-reflexive ones. Option D counts all relations and therefore does not exclude the reflexive cases. Memory cue: count all subsets first, then subtract the subsets that satisfy the required property.

Related tags

RelationsReflexive RelationCountingOrdered PairsRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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