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On R, define aRb if and only if a−b is rational. What is the equivalence class of √2?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: [√2] = {√2 + q : q ∈ Q}

The correct answer is A. By definition, the equivalence class of √2 consists of all real numbers x that are related to √2. The condition xR√2 means x−√2 is rational. If x−√2=q, where q∈Q, then x=√2+q. Conversely, every number of the form √2+q has difference q from √2, which is rational, so it belongs to the class. Therefore [√2]={√2+q:q∈Q}. Option B is only the set of rational numbers and does not contain √2+1, for example. Option C is too small because √2+1 and √2−2 also qualify. Option D contains all irrational numbers, but not every irrational number has a rational difference from √2. The key step is always to solve the relation condition for the unknown member x.

Related tags

Equivalence RelationEquivalence ClassRational NumbersReal NumbersRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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