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What is cos⁻¹(−x) equal to, where x ∈ [−1,1]?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: π − cos⁻¹x

The governing identity on the principal branch of inverse cosine is cos⁻¹(−x) = π − cos⁻¹x for x ∈ [−1,1]. Let α = cos⁻¹x. Then α lies in [0,π] and cos α = x. Using the cosine identity, cos(π − α) = −cos α = −x. Also, π − α remains in [0,π], the principal range of cos⁻¹. Therefore cos⁻¹(−x) = π − α = π − cos⁻¹x, so option C is correct. Option A incorrectly treats arccos as an odd function; it is not. Option B ignores the sign change, and option D is a sine-related shift that does not generally have cosine −x. The range condition is what makes the identity unambiguous.

Related tags

Inverse TrigonometryArccosPrincipal ValueIdentitiesClass 12Properties Of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsInverse Trigonometric FunctionsMathematics

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