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What is cos⁻¹(−x) equal to when x ∈ [−1, 1]?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: π − cos⁻¹x

Let θ = cos⁻¹x. By definition, θ lies in the principal range [0, π] and cos θ = x. Using the identity cos(π − θ) = −cos θ, we obtain cos(π − θ) = −x. Since π − θ also lies in [0, π], it is the principal angle whose cosine is −x. Therefore cos⁻¹(−x) = π − θ = π − cos⁻¹x, so option A is correct. The expression −cos⁻¹x is generally outside the principal range and incorrectly treats arccos as an odd function. Option C does not follow from the cosine subtraction identity, and option D would incorrectly claim that arccos has the same value for x and −x. The domain condition ensures both inverse values are real.

Related tags

Inverse-TrigonometryArccos-IdentityPrincipal-RangePrincipal Value BranchInverse Trigonometric FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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