Prevention of chronic diseases

Correct answer: A. It helps avoid unplanned fast food and sweet snacks

Explanation: Preparing meals or ingredients in advance makes a healthier choice available when work is busy and time is limited. Planning portions can support intake of vegetables, whole grains, pulses, and appropriate protein while reducing reliance on fast food, sugary snacks, and excess salt. Safe refrigeration, reheating, and storage are also necessary so convenience does not compromise food safety.

Correct answer: A. They develop active habits and healthy eating behaviour together

Explanation: School sports help children develop regular physical activity, fitness, coordination, and confidence. Nutritious food supports growth, learning, healthy body composition, and appropriate eating habits. Together they influence modifiable risk factors for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Neither heredity nor one intervention alone determines health, and sports do not replace balanced nutrition.

Correct answer: A. Adopting local, varied, balanced, less processed food

Explanation: A varied diet based on local and minimally processed foods can provide fibre, protein, vitamins, minerals, and beneficial plant compounds in culturally practical ways. Balanced portions and appropriate food choices support weight, blood pressure, glucose, and cardiovascular health. Variety is important because one food cannot supply every nutrient, and total carbohydrate elimination or expensive supplements is generally unnecessary without clinical indication.

Correct answer: A. Helping reduce disease risk

Explanation: Preventive nutrition aims to reduce the risk of illness before it develops. It promotes balanced eating, suitable physical activity, healthy body weight, safe food practices, and other protective habits. These measures can help prevent or delay many diet-related and lifestyle-related chronic diseases. The other options contradict the meaning of prevention.

Correct answer: D. Geriatric nutrition

Explanation: Diet advice for older adults belongs to geriatric nutrition. Planning must consider reduced energy needs, adequate protein, hydration, fibre, calcium, vitamin D, dental problems, appetite, digestion and chronic diseases. Individual assessment is important because older people differ widely. The other choices have no nutritional relationship.

Correct answer: D. Helping reduce disease risk

Explanation: Preventive nutrition aims to reduce the risk of disease before serious problems develop. It promotes balanced eating, appropriate portions, physical activity, safe food practices and healthy lifestyle habits. It can help prevent deficiencies and lower risks related to conditions such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, although it cannot guarantee that illness will never occur.

Correct answer: B. Health promotion and prevention

Explanation: Nutrition care is useful before disease appears. Advising a person with normal reports about balanced eating, physical activity, appropriate weight, and healthy habits can maintain wellness and reduce future risk. This preventive and health-promoting role is broader than diagnosis or treatment, so option B is correct.