Prevention of chronic diseases

Correct answer: A. Steaming

Explanation: Steaming cooks food with hot vapour and generally needs little or no added oil. Therefore, it adds fewer calories and less fat than deep-frying or frying in excess ghee. Choosing steaming more often can support healthy weight, heart health, and prevention of several diet-related chronic diseases.

Correct answer: A. Detecting unusual weight gain or loss early and taking timely corrective action

Explanation: Regularly checking body weight can reveal unusual gain or loss before the change becomes serious. This allows a person to review diet, physical activity, and medical advice when appropriate. It does not measure height, remove nutrient needs, or cure every chronic disease immediately.

Correct answer: A. Balanced diet, regular activity, healthy weight and regular check-up

Explanation: Chronic disease prevention works best through a combination of healthy behaviours rather than one isolated action. A balanced diet, regular physical activity, healthy weight, avoidance of tobacco, adequate sleep, and periodic screening together reduce risk and support early detection of problems.

Correct answer: A. Balanced diet, activity, sleep and stress control

Explanation: A healthy lifestyle is a pattern of regular behaviours rather than one isolated action. It includes a varied balanced diet, suitable physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management, avoidance of tobacco, and sensible preventive checkups. Together these practices reduce several modifiable risk factors for chronic disease.

Correct answer: B. Saturated and trans fat

Explanation: Saturated fat can raise LDL cholesterol, while trans fat is especially harmful because it can raise LDL and lower protective HDL cholesterol. Frequent intake of fried, bakery, and highly processed foods may increase cardiovascular risk. Unsaturated fats from nuts, seeds, fish, and suitable oils are generally preferable in appropriate amounts.

Correct answer: A. They help blood sugar control by providing fibre

Explanation: Whole grains retain bran and germ, so they generally provide more dietary fibre and nutrients than refined grains. Fibre can slow digestion, support fullness, and moderate the rise in blood glucose after meals. Portion size still matters, and whole grains are one part of an overall balanced diet rather than a guaranteed cure or complete protection from diabetes.

Correct answer: A. They can help balanced mineral intake

Explanation: Potassium-rich foods such as bananas, oranges, beans, leafy vegetables, and potatoes can contribute to a balanced mineral pattern. Potassium supports normal fluid balance and may help counter some effects of excessive sodium on blood pressure. People with kidney disease or prescribed restrictions should follow individual medical advice rather than increasing potassium independently.

Correct answer: A. Hypertension

Explanation: Many packaged and processed foods contain substantial sodium, even when they do not taste extremely salty. Regular excess sodium intake can contribute to raised blood pressure in susceptible people. Reading nutrition labels, choosing fresh foods more often, and limiting salty snacks can support prevention, although overall diet, activity, and medical factors also matter.

Correct answer: A. In avoiding irregular overeating

Explanation: A reasonably regular meal pattern can help a person recognise hunger, plan portions, and avoid becoming excessively hungry and then overeating. It does not guarantee weight loss, because total energy intake, food quality, activity, sleep, and individual health also matter. Regular timing should be flexible and should not encourage unnecessary eating.

Correct answer: A. Fruits contain fibre and micronutrients and generally have less added sugar

Explanation: Whole fruits provide dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, water, and beneficial plant compounds. Their naturally occurring sugars are packaged with fibre and nutrients, whereas many sweet processed snacks contain considerable added sugar and energy with less fibre. Fruit is not sugar-free, and portion size still matters, but it is usually the more nutrient-dense snack choice.

Correct answer: A. To control salt intake

Explanation: Sodium is a major component of salt, and comparing sodium values on labels helps consumers identify products that may contribute a large amount to daily intake. Choosing lower-sodium options can support blood-pressure control, especially when combined with a balanced diet. Labels should be interpreted by serving size, because one package may contain several servings.

Correct answer: A. They provide plant protein and fibre

Explanation: Pulses such as lentils, beans, chickpeas, and peas provide plant protein, dietary fibre, minerals, and other useful nutrients. Fibre supports fullness, bowel health, and more favourable blood-glucose and cholesterol patterns. Replacing some highly processed or fatty foods with pulses can support a balanced diet, although preparation, portion, and total dietary pattern remain important.

Correct answer: A. It controls energy and fat intake

Explanation: Using less oil can reduce the energy density and total fat of meals, particularly when it replaces deep-frying. Steaming, boiling, baking, or using a measured amount of oil may support healthy body weight and heart health. Oil is still a source of essential fatty acids, so the aim is sensible quantity and suitable quality, not eliminating all fat.

Correct answer: A. Harmful compounds may form

Explanation: Repeated heating, especially at high temperature, can promote oxidation and the formation of undesirable degradation products in oil. The quality of the oil, heating temperature, duration, and storage conditions affect the extent of change. Avoiding repeated reuse, preventing smoking, and using safer cooking practices can reduce exposure to such compounds; the statement does not mean one brief reheating always causes immediate harm.

Correct answer: A. Balanced diet and regular physical activity

Explanation: A balanced diet supplies appropriate energy, protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals, while regular physical activity increases energy expenditure and supports muscle and metabolic health. Together they promote sustainable energy balance. Skipping meals, severe restriction, or unsupervised strenuous exercise can cause deficiencies, fatigue, injury, and rebound overeating rather than healthy long-term weight control.

Correct answer: A. Obesity and type 2 diabetes

Explanation: Sugar-sweetened drinks can add substantial sugar and calories without providing much fibre or lasting fullness. Frequent intake may promote excess energy intake, weight gain, and poorer blood-glucose regulation, increasing the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Water and unsweetened beverages are generally better routine choices, though the overall diet and activity pattern also matter.

Correct answer: A. They may provide more unhealthy fat and salt

Explanation: Processed meats and heavily fried foods may be high in sodium, saturated fat, trans fat, and energy, depending on the product and preparation. Frequent high intake can contribute to unhealthy blood lipids, raised blood pressure, excess weight, and other health risks. Limiting them and choosing pulses, vegetables, whole grains, and minimally processed foods supports a healthier dietary pattern.

Correct answer: A. Calcium, vitamin D and activity

Explanation: Calcium provides essential mineral material for bones, while vitamin D helps the body absorb and use calcium. Weight-bearing activity stimulates bone strength and supports muscles and balance. Adequate protein and other nutrients also matter. Requirements vary with age and health, so sunlight exposure and supplements should be considered safely and according to local or professional guidance.

Correct answer: A. Regular timing, balanced portions and fibre

Explanation: Regular meals with sensible portions and fibre-rich foods can moderate carbohydrate absorption, reduce extreme hunger, and support steadier blood-glucose patterns. Useful choices include whole grains, pulses, vegetables, and whole fruit while limiting sugary drinks and sweets. Individual diabetes plans may differ, so prescribed medicines, monitoring, and professional dietary advice must still be followed.

Correct answer: A. Nutrition education on healthy diet and activity

Explanation: Community nutrition education can give people practical knowledge about balanced meals, portion sizes, label reading, physical activity, and limiting salt, sugar, tobacco, and unhealthy fats. When schools, health workers, families, and local organisations reinforce these messages and improve access to healthy choices, prevention can reach many people rather than relying only on individual treatment.

Correct answer: A. They provide varied vitamins, minerals and protective factors

Explanation: Different vegetable colours often reflect different naturally occurring pigments and plant compounds, while vegetables collectively provide fibre, vitamins, minerals, and water. Eating a varied selection improves the chance of obtaining a broad range of nutrients and protective compounds. Variety does not replace other food groups or eliminate the need for water, but it strengthens overall dietary quality.

Correct answer: A. By supporting the regulation of appetite and metabolism

Explanation: Adequate, regular sleep supports hormones and brain processes involved in appetite, fullness, energy intake, and metabolism. Poor sleep may increase hunger, cravings, late-night snacking, and fatigue-related inactivity, which can make weight control harder. Sleep alone does not dissolve fat or remove calorie needs; it works together with balanced eating and regular physical activity.

Correct answer: A. They may contain high amounts of sodium

Explanation: Pickles and papads often contain considerable added salt, so their sodium content may be high. Excess sodium can cause the body to retain more fluid and may increase blood pressure, especially in salt-sensitive people. Therefore, limiting these foods supports hypertension prevention. The main concern is sodium, not the complete absence of fibre or any effect on glucose or vitamin C.

Correct answer: A. Using a smaller plate and measured portions

Explanation: Using a smaller plate and serving a measured amount is a simple, practical method of portion control. It gives the learner a visual limit and can reduce accidental overeating without requiring complicated calculations. Portion control supports energy balance and healthy weight management. The other choices encourage excess intake, inattentive eating, or an unbalanced diet, so they cannot teach healthy control.

Correct answer: A. Pulses and whole grains

Explanation: Pulses and whole grains generally contain fibre and are digested more slowly than refined sugary foods. Consequently, they tend to produce a slower, smaller rise in blood glucose, although the exact glycemic index depends on the food, preparation, and portion. This makes them useful choices in a balanced eating pattern for diabetes-risk reduction. Sweet syrup, refined sweets, and sugary drinks usually raise glucose more rapidly.