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Which problem may result from excessive irrigation?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Waterlogging and salinity

The governing concept is the environmental impact of poorly managed irrigation. When more water is applied than the soil and crops can use, the water table may rise toward the surface. Air spaces in the soil become filled with water, producing waterlogging and reducing oxygen available to roots. In dry climates, evaporation can then leave dissolved salts behind at or near the surface, causing salinity and lowering soil productivity. Option A is correct because it names both linked problems. The other options are unrelated or exaggerated: irrigation does not expand forests, purify air, or completely eliminate soil erosion.

Related tags

Over-IrrigationWaterloggingSalinitySoil DegradationIrrigationWater ResourcesGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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